What Is Laparoscopic Surgery?

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery, is a modern surgical technique in which operations are performed through small incisions using a camera and specialized instruments.
Instead of making a large cut (as in open surgery), doctors insert a thin tube with a camera—called a laparoscope—into the body to view internal organs on a screen.

How Laparoscopic Surgery Works

During the procedure:

• Small cuts (usually 0.5–1 cm) are made in the abdomen
• Carbon dioxide gas is used to inflate the area for better visibility
• A laparoscope (camera) is inserted
• Surgical instruments are guided through other small incisions
• The surgeon performs the operation while viewing a monitor

Common Uses of Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is widely used for:

• Gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy)
• Appendix removal (appendectomy)
• Hernia repair
• Treatment of endometriosis
• Removal of ovarian cysts
• Bariatric (weight loss) surgery

Advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery

Compared to traditional open surgery, it offers:

• Smaller incisions
• Less pain after surgery
• Faster recovery time
• Minimal scarring
• Shorter hospital stay
• Lower risk of infection